What is Melasma?
Melasma is a type of hyperpigmentation that develops when melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) overproduce melanin in certain areas of the skin. It is more common in women, particularly during pregnancy or when using hormonal contraceptives, but men can also develop melasma.
What Does Melasma Look Like?
- Dark brown, grey, or tan patches on the skin.
- Typically appears on the forehead, cheeks, nose, upper lip, and jawline.
- Can worsen with sun exposure and hormonal fluctuations.
- Often symmetrical, affecting both sides of the face.
What Causes Melasma?
Melasma is triggered by a combination of internal and external factors that stimulate excess melanin production.
- Hormonal Changes
- Pregnancy (also called the "mask of pregnancy") – Increased estrogen and progesterone stimulate melanocytes.
- Birth control pills & HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy) – Can trigger melasma due to hormonal fluctuations.
- Thyroid disorders – Can contribute to melasma in some individuals.
- Sun Exposure (UV Radiation & Blue Light)
- UV rays from the sun are the biggest trigger for melasma, causing melanocytes to overproduce pigment.
- Blue light from screens (phones, tablets, and computers) can also worsen pigmentation.
Melasma is more common in warmer climates and worsens during summer months.
- Genetics & Skin Type
- Melasma tends to run in families and is more common in darker skin tones (Fitzpatrick skin types III-VI).
- Those with more active melanocytes are more prone to developing pigmentation conditions.
- Skin Irritation & Inflammation
- Harsh skincare products, aggressive treatments, or skin injuries can worsen melasma by triggering post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).
- Medications & Certain Medical Conditions
- Some medications (such as anti-seizure drugs and certain antibiotics) can increase photosensitivity, making the skin more susceptible to pigmentation.
Treatment Options for Melasma
At The Karma Clinic, we provide evidence-based treatments tailored to your skin type and severity of melasma. Since melasma is a chronic condition, a combination approach is recommended for the best long-term results.
- Tyrosinase inhibitors – These reduce melanin production and lighten pigmentation.
- Retinoids (Vitamin A derivatives) – Speed up cell turnover to fade melasma.
- Vitamin C – A powerful antioxidant that brightens the skin and reduces pigmentation.
- Hydroquinone – A prescription-strength pigment inhibitor for stubborn melasma.
- Niacinamide – Helps to calm inflammation and regulate melanin production.
Sun Protection is Essential!
Daily use of broad-spectrum SPF 50+ sunscreen is the most crucial step in preventing melasma from worsening. Mineral sunscreens with zinc oxide and titanium dioxide offer the best protection.
Best for: All types of melasma, maintenance, and prevention.
- SkinPen Microneedling triggers the skin’s natural healing process to break up excess pigment and stimulate collagen production.
- It enhances the penetration of active ingredients, making skincare treatments more effective.
- Encourages keratinocyte turnover, helping restore melanocyte function and reduce hyperpigmentation.
Best for: Melasma with textural irregularities, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), and dull skin.
- Chemical peels accelerate skin cell turnover to fade melasma and improve skin tone.
- Exfoliates the upper layers of pigmented skin, revealing a brighter, more even complexion.
- Stimulates new collagen and elastin production, improving overall skin health.
Recommended Peels for Melasma:
- AlumierMD Glow Peel – Targets pigmentation and enhances skin radiance.
- AlumierMD Radiant 20/10 Peel – Ideal for melasma-prone, oily skin types.
- AlumierMD Vitamin A Boost – Encourages cell renewal and improves overall skin tone.
Best for: Superficial melasma, uneven skin tone, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).
- IPL uses broad-spectrum light energy to break down pigment clusters in the skin.
- Helps even out skin tone and reduces discolouration caused by melasma.
- Stimulates collagen renewal, improving overall skin texture.
Best for: Superficial melasma and sun-induced pigmentation.
Preventing & Managing Melasma Long-Term
- Daily Sun Protection
- SPF 50+ sunscreen with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide (mineral-based) should be applied every morning.
- Reapply every 2 hours, especially if outdoors or exposed to blue light (screens).
- Lifestyle Adjustments
- Avoid excessive heat, direct sunlight, and tanning beds.
- Eat an antioxidant-rich diet to support skin repair.
- Manage stress and hormones (e.g., discuss alternative contraception options with your doctor if birth control is a trigger).
- Regular In-Clinic Treatments
- Combination treatments (e.g., microneedling + skin peels) offer the best long-term control.
- Monthly facials and medical-grade skincare help to maintain results and prevent new pigmentation.
Choosing the Best Melasma Treatment for You
| Treatment | Best For | Results Seen In | Maintenance Needed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medical-Grade Skincare | All melasma types | 4-8 weeks | Ongoing |
| SkinPen Microneedling | Stubborn melasma & uneven texture | 4-6 weeks | Every 6-12 months |
| AlumierMD Skin Peels | Superficial melasma & PIH | 2-6 weeks | Monthly/quarterly |
| IPL Therapy | Sun-induced melasma & age spots | 2-4 weeks | Annually |
Frequently Asked Questions
Hormonal changes, sun exposure, pregnancy, and heat can all worsen melasma.
We use chemical peels, topical skincare, and light-based treatment to reduce pigment and even skin tone.
It can be managed, not cured. Consistency and maintenance are key.
Book Your Consultation Today
If melasma is affecting your confidence, The Karma Clinic offers expert, results-driven treatments to help you achieve clear, even-toned skin.
Book your consultation today and start your journey to brighter skin!
